Philosophical Meditations

The principles of the action issuing process in Farabi's intellectual system

Seyyedeh mahdiheh poorsaleh amiri; Zeynab Barkhordari

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 17 September 2023

https://doi.org/10.30470/phm.2023.1975398.2328

Abstract

The present study examines the basics of the action issuing process from Farabi's perspective with a descriptive-analytical method. Basics of issuing action are cognitive basics; ... Read More

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Arguments for the Prima Matter According to Ibn Sina: A Critical Review

Hamideh Mokhtari

Volume 13, Issue 30 , August 2023, , Pages 393-524

https://doi.org/10.30470/phm.2022.549255.2186

Abstract

Abstract Ibn Sina has put forward two arguments of "continuity and disconnection" and "potentiality and actuality" to prove the prime matter. Based on the arguments of continuity and ... Read More Abstract Ibn Sina has put forward two arguments of "continuity and disconnection" and "potentiality and actuality" to prove the prime matter. Based on the arguments of continuity and disconnection, a change is not possible unless there is the prime matter, , a common and constant component providing identity during variation and change. In this article, we argue that this argument does not support its claim to prove the prime matter, nor can it solve the continuity and disconnection. Another argument of the prime matter is called the potentiality and actuality. in this article, we have shown that, based on the argument of potentiality and actuality, it is not possible to prove the prime matter. It is concluded that the two main arguments of the prime matter cannot prove the prime matter of Ibn Sina. Keywords: Ibn Sina, Prime matter, Arguments, Continuity and Disconnection, Potentiality and Actuality Introduction "Hylomorphism" is a theory in which the structure of material objects is explained based on matter and form. Traditional Hylomorphism has a significant background. The center of Aristotle's metaphysics is the distinction between matter and form. Although this theory started with Aristotle and continued in the metaphysics of some different philosophers, some aspects of it is still needed to be analyzed. Ibn Sina is one of the proponents of Hylomorphism theory. In his opinion, the central idea of Hylomorphism is that, material objects are composed of the substances of matter and the form. The focus of this article is the analysis of two arguments to prove the Prime matter according to Ibn Sina. This analysis is based on the opinions of some analytical philosophers. The subject of the this article is to find out whether Ibn Sina has been able to adduce satisfactory arguments for proving the Prime matter? Methodology In this article, the research method is descriptive-analytical based on analytical and logical investigation. In this way, first, we collected information by studying different books and then analyzed the information by using logical analysis methods. Finding Ibn Sina has presented two arguments to prove the Prime matter: "Continuity and Disconnection” and "Potentiality and Actuality”. Examining the argument of Potentiality and Actuality shows that in every material object there are two characteristics of Potentiality and Actuality, and these two characteristics are separate from each other, but it is not enough to prove the Prime matter and as a result, it is not possible to present Hylomorphism interpretation about the structure of material objects. Also, based on an argument, we showed that the Continuity and Disconnection argument cannot prove the prime matter. Basically, the Prime matter is supposed to maintain the identity between objects during change. But we have shown that the monster cannot be a suitable answer to the problem of identity during change Because according to the Continuity and Disconnection argument, the Prime matter was not proved; we thus showed that the Prime matter cannot be a suitable answer to the problem of identity during change. To solve the problem of Continuity and Disconnection, we provided two solutions; the first solution is based on a three-dimensional analysis and the second solution, which does not require the assumption of the Prime matter, is based on a four-dimensional analysis. In short, in this article, we have shown that there are problems with both arguments to prove the Prime matter. In other words, two arguments cannot prove the Prime matter. Conclusion and discussion The claim of the proof of Continuity and Disconnection is that it is not possible to change the Continuity and Disconnection unless there is the prime matter. This component is a constant component during change and provides identity during change. we showed that, this argument cannot fulfill its claim, i.e. proving the Prime matter, as well as solving the problem of changing, that is, the assumption of the Prime matter cannot give a suitable answer to the problem of Continuity and Disconnection. To solve the problem of Continuity and Disconnection, we provided two solutions; The first solution is based on a three-dimensional analysis and the second solution, which does not require the assumption of the Prime matter, is based on a four-dimensional analysis. Another argument to prove the Prime matter is Potentiality and Actuality. This argument cannot prove the Prime matter. The claim of the argument is that the proof of the characteristic of the Potentiality comes to the proof of the Prime matter, but A) The attribution of this characteristic can also be explained in the framework of the Bundel theory, without the need Hylomorphism. The property of being potential, along with the property of being actual, assuming a Bundel theory, are two properties and two constituents of the material object that can be considered as form, so there is no place to prove Prime matter, while it was supposed to be an argument in favor of proving the Prime matter. b) Also, with modifications in the Bundel theory, the Prime matter will not be proven. c) Also, by insisting on the many problems of the Bundel theory, it cannot be used in favor of Hylomorphism, because it has some assumptions that are sometimes not accepted by Ibn Sina. One of the assumptions of accepting the objection is to believe in the realism, while according to many evidences, Ibn Sina believes in tropism. So, Potentiality and Actuality argument, under the standard Bundel theory and even its modified versions, cannot prove the Prime matter. d) The Potentiality and Actuality argument will not work even within the framework of the Substratum This argument under the Substratum theory has more flaws than its proposal under the Bundel theory. Because under this potential, they can neither prove the Prime matter nor can they be the form of the object. References: Ibn sina. (1404 AH). Al-shifā, Al-elahiyat. Tashih: Sāeed zayed. Al-Ab Qhānāvati. Qom: Mār’āshi Nājāfi ----------. (1404 AH). Al-tālighat. Qom: Al-māktābāh Al-ālam Al-eslami. ----------. (1404 AH) Al-shifā, Al-tābi’eyay. Tashih: sāeed zayed. Qom: Mārāshi Nājāfi. ----------. (1404 AH) Al-shifā, Al-māntegh. Qom: Mārāshi Nājāfi. ----------. (1363 SH). Al -mābādā vā Al-mā’ad. Be ehtemam: Abdolleh Norani. Tehran: mo’asseseh motale’at eslami ---------. (1375 SH). Al-esharat vā Al-tānbihat. Qom: nāshr Al-bālaghāh ---------. (1379 SH). Al -nājat men AL-ghārgh fi bāhr Al-dālalat. Tashih Muhammad taghi Danesh pazhuh. Tehran: Daneshgah Tehran. ----------. (1989). Al-hodūd. Ghahereh: Al-heyā’ah Al-mesri Al-ālemah Al-ketab. Sābzevari mulla hadi. (1379 SH). Shārh Al-mānzūmeh. Mohaghegh: MāSūd Talebi. Tehran: nashr nab. Sohrevārdi, shāhab Al-din. (1375 SH). Hekāmāt Al-eshrāgh. Mājmūeh mosānāfat sheykh Eshragh (jeld 2). Tashih Hanri Corbān. Tehran: pazhuheshgah olūm Ensani. Sādr Al-din shirazi, Muhammad ebn Ebrahim.1981. Al-hekmāh Al-motā’aliyāh Fi Al-āsfar Al-āghliyah Beyrut: dar ehya Al-torāth. (mājmū’eh asar jed 5) Tehran: nāshr sadrd. Michael J. Loux.2006. “Metaphysics: a contemporary introduction.” — 3rd ed. (Routledge contemporary introductions to philosophy Sellars, W. 1963, "perception and reality". Science. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Ibn Sina's view on the connection between the happiness of perceptions and the state of the human brain

Aysooda hashempour; forough rahimpour; abdolali shokr

Volume 12, Issue 29 , February 2023, , Pages 85-106

https://doi.org/10.30470/phm.2022.540331.2088

Abstract

Ibn Sina emphasizes the central role of "perception" in addressing issues related to the happiness of human perception. According to him, human perceptions, including sensory, imaginary ... Read More

Good and Bad Luck of Days and Their Avicennian Explanation by Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

Maryam Javid; zohreh tavaziani; Shahnaz Shayanfar

Volume 12, Issue 28 , August 2022, , Pages 15-40

https://doi.org/10.30470/phm.2021.520819.1928

Abstract

have been traditionally paid attention. Many people believe that celestial circumstances play a decisive role in their life events. Scientifically speaking, this is an irrefutable issue, ... Read More

Analysis the position of Energia and entelecheia in Aristotle's thought

hasan abasi hossein abadi; mastaneh kakaiy

Volume 8, Issue 20 , August 2018, , Pages 145-170

https://doi.org/10.30470/phm.2018.32198

Abstract

The concept of perfection in Aristotle's metaphysics is expressed with words like Energia and Entelecheia, Both in English have been translated into actuality. Aristotle has spoken ... Read More

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Main Subjects = Islamic philosophy

The principles of the action issuing process in Farabi's intellectual system

Abstract

Arguments for the Prima Matter According to Ibn Sina: A Critical Review

Abstract

Ibn Sina's view on the connection between the happiness of perceptions and the state of the human brain

Abstract

Good and Bad Luck of Days and Their Avicennian Explanation by Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

Abstract

Analysis the position of Energia and entelecheia in Aristotle's thought

Abstract