University of Zanjan Philosophical Meditations 2228-5253 1 1 2009 03 21 The Cogent Conditional in Modern Logic The Cogent Conditional in Modern Logic 7 46 19496 FA Journal Article 2016 04 28 Al-Farabi and Avicenna have enumerated so many kinds of conditionals and produced a massive literature in their successors’ works. Two important kinds are the “cogent” and the “contingent,” which, in turn, are divided into more particular varieties. In this paper, I consider the “cogent conditional” and some kinds thereof. Four significant discussions here are: 1. the cogent conditional’s relation to the contingent conditional and to the general condition, 2. analysis of the kinds of the cogent conditional, 3. logical analysis of cogent conditional and of its kinds in Modern Logic and representing the relation between cogency and necessity, 4. the truth conditions of cogent conditional. In the recent decades, the logical analysis of the cogent conditionals and their truth-conditions has been widely discussed. But the discussions have generally been fulfilled in different ways, which are sometimes inconsistent with each other. It has even been proposed to use three-valued tableaux to analyze the cogent conditionals. In this paper, I will quote the key phrases from Ancient Logic to criticize the contemporaries’ analyses and thereby to introduce mine. Al-Farabi and Avicenna have enumerated so many kinds of conditionals and produced a massive literature in their successors’ works. Two important kinds are the “cogent” and the “contingent,” which, in turn, are divided into more particular varieties. In this paper, I consider the “cogent conditional” and some kinds thereof. Four significant discussions here are: 1. the cogent conditional’s relation to the contingent conditional and to the general condition, 2. analysis of the kinds of the cogent conditional, 3. logical analysis of cogent conditional and of its kinds in Modern Logic and representing the relation between cogency and necessity, 4. the truth conditions of cogent conditional. In the recent decades, the logical analysis of the cogent conditionals and their truth-conditions has been widely discussed. But the discussions have generally been fulfilled in different ways, which are sometimes inconsistent with each other. It has even been proposed to use three-valued tableaux to analyze the cogent conditionals. In this paper, I will quote the key phrases from Ancient Logic to criticize the contemporaries’ analyses and thereby to introduce mine. conditional Cogent Conditional Contingent Conditional implication and necessity truth-conditions three-valued logic https://phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19496_4d20162dc918b678fae70a510deb56e4.pdf
University of Zanjan Philosophical Meditations 2228-5253 1 1 2009 03 21 Richard Rorty on Truth as aim of inquiry Richard Rorty on Truth as aim of inquiry 47 65 19497 FA Journal Article 2016 04 28 This paper is concerned with analysis of neopragmatist attitude of Richard Rorty about objective truth. According to Rorty, the aim of inquiry is not discovering of "objective truth "as considered by previous thinkers. Rorty believed that conceptions like Truth, Reality and Realism are similar conceptions. Hence rejecting objective truth requires the rejection of realism. Objective truth in metaphysics has been described as ahuman and ahiostorical features. Therefore, Rorty believes that the aim of inquiry is empowerment of human situation and creation of solidarity and untimely intersubjectivity agreement. But this article wants to show that the solidarity and intersubjectivity agreement have some features which objective truth has them. This paper is concerned with analysis of neopragmatist attitude of Richard Rorty about objective truth. According to Rorty, the aim of inquiry is not discovering of "objective truth "as considered by previous thinkers. Rorty believed that conceptions like Truth, Reality and Realism are similar conceptions. Hence rejecting objective truth requires the rejection of realism. Objective truth in metaphysics has been described as ahuman and ahiostorical features. Therefore, Rorty believes that the aim of inquiry is empowerment of human situation and creation of solidarity and untimely intersubjectivity agreement. But this article wants to show that the solidarity and intersubjectivity agreement have some features which objective truth has them. Richard Rorty objective truth inquiry Realism https://phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19497_a66ca8d00dcf305f7343b63fce3d3d30.pdf
University of Zanjan Philosophical Meditations 2228-5253 1 1 2009 03 21 The possibility of the role of religious education in global village The possibility of the role of religious education in global village 66 82 19498 FA Journal Article 2016 04 28 Present century is distinguished from other centuries by its Information-Technology character .It is easy to see with wonder how Information-Technology has reduced the world to a global village through internet, satellite, and so on .Therefore, the question is that whether in such a world –global village-moral values are workable and possible? Religious education, in general, aims at producing desired changes in new generation. This goal was always fulfilled through building limited condition and making barriers. In present century it is impossible to keep new generation away from other cultures due to Information-Technology. It means in global village, making barriers does not work, and in such a world how one can educate religion? The aim of this paper is to display the role of religious education in global village by giving a spiritual notion of humanity. Present century is distinguished from other centuries by its Information-Technology character .It is easy to see with wonder how Information-Technology has reduced the world to a global village through internet, satellite, and so on .Therefore, the question is that whether in such a world –global village-moral values are workable and possible? Religious education, in general, aims at producing desired changes in new generation. This goal was always fulfilled through building limited condition and making barriers. In present century it is impossible to keep new generation away from other cultures due to Information-Technology. It means in global village, making barriers does not work, and in such a world how one can educate religion? The aim of this paper is to display the role of religious education in global village by giving a spiritual notion of humanity. Global Village religious education Information technology https://phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19498_2da1cfad54d3358c7f53fb23d7ce4c9d.pdf
University of Zanjan Philosophical Meditations 2228-5253 1 1 2009 03 21 A Study of Mulla Sadra and Avicenna's Approach to God's Attributes A Study of Mulla Sadra and Avicenna's Approach to God's Attributes 83 101 19499 FA Journal Article 2016 04 28 God's attributes is one of the crucial issues in theology. This is being discussed in two aspects: the relation of attributes to God's essence, and the relation of different attributes with each other. The question, on one hand, is whether or not God possesses any attribute, and on the other hand, it can be questioned what is the relation between attribute themselves. The traditional answers in this regard are divided into two approaches, agnosticism and anthropomorphism. However, both approaches face some problems. In this paper, it will be attempted to show that how philosophers' explanation of God's attributes puts them into trouble, and will be argued that both approaches to God's attributes are faced with some problems. God's attributes is one of the crucial issues in theology. This is being discussed in two aspects: the relation of attributes to God's essence, and the relation of different attributes with each other. The question, on one hand, is whether or not God possesses any attribute, and on the other hand, it can be questioned what is the relation between attribute themselves. The traditional answers in this regard are divided into two approaches, agnosticism and anthropomorphism. However, both approaches face some problems. In this paper, it will be attempted to show that how philosophers' explanation of God's attributes puts them into trouble, and will be argued that both approaches to God's attributes are faced with some problems. Attributes God objective identification conceptual identification https://phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19499_4f1730a9b124eea813b992edebc06840.pdf
University of Zanjan Philosophical Meditations 2228-5253 1 1 2009 03 21 An analytic study about development of the concept of Soul from Plato to Mulla Sadra An analytic study about development of the concept of Soul from Plato to Mulla Sadra 102 125 19500 FA Journal Article 2016 04 28 Whereas Plato believes that the soul belongs to another world and defines it as an order different from the body, Aristotle whose opinion were more concentrated on the disquisition and state of real function of creatures of this world, had emphasizes on announcing his idea about the essence and nature of the creatures. Similarly, he had analyzed the living creatures in the soul definition and described it as the form of the body. Platonous believes, Soul is a part of an entire soul and factor of the triple Aghanim which its one side is faced to the territory of the Nous and the other side is tends to the material world and body, in the other world, it is the ring of the connection of the spiritual and material world. Ibn Sina's base of his religious beliefs for proving spiritual immortality of Soul in defines Soul as abstract and as the perfection of the body. The concepts proposed by Platonous and sages of ancient Persia about Soul, were the revelation for Suhrawardi, the Ishragh sect philosopher of the Islamic world to know it moral and the Anvare Modire phenomena and called as the light of Eshbbodies which is responsible for controlling the body. All mentioned philosophers faced to the some difficulties and paradoxes in the way of defining the relation of Soul with the body. Therefore, Mulla Sadra affected from previous thinkers and based on his vital innovations in existence precedes essence in a new way, which in addition of being true and strong, it is free of regarding problems. Whereas Plato believes that the soul belongs to another world and defines it as an order different from the body, Aristotle whose opinion were more concentrated on the disquisition and state of real function of creatures of this world, had emphasizes on announcing his idea about the essence and nature of the creatures. Similarly, he had analyzed the living creatures in the soul definition and described it as the form of the body. Platonous believes, Soul is a part of an entire soul and factor of the triple Aghanim which its one side is faced to the territory of the Nous and the other side is tends to the material world and body, in the other world, it is the ring of the connection of the spiritual and material world. Ibn Sina's base of his religious beliefs for proving spiritual immortality of Soul in defines Soul as abstract and as the perfection of the body. The concepts proposed by Platonous and sages of ancient Persia about Soul, were the revelation for Suhrawardi, the Ishragh sect philosopher of the Islamic world to know it moral and the Anvare Modire phenomena and called as the light of Eshbbodies which is responsible for controlling the body. All mentioned philosophers faced to the some difficulties and paradoxes in the way of defining the relation of Soul with the body. Therefore, Mulla Sadra affected from previous thinkers and based on his vital innovations in existence precedes essence in a new way, which in addition of being true and strong, it is free of regarding problems. soul body Perfection abstraction unity Mulla sadra Plato https://phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19500_e353194f3b7cd1b75d69c3ab88041985.pdf