Sadrai's Epistemology: A Study of Cosmic Variables and a Critical Analysis of Positivist Cosmology

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Meysam Mozka 1
mahdi dehbashi 2
mohammad reza shamshiri 3
1 PhD student in Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan),
2 Professor of the Department of Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch(Khorasgan),
3 Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan),
10.30470/phm.2023.2001006.2396
Abstract
As a subject, cosmology studies the large-scale structure of the cosmos, and thus founds its study method in the face of cosmic variables and phenomena on verifiability and positivist principles and the critical philosophy axiom, with the truth and justifiability of its theorems depending on the impressionability and adaptability of mathematical conclusions to impressions. However, it has thus far failed to produce a comprehensive cosmic model. This article uses Mulla Sadra’s epistemological basics in a descriptive-analytical method to analyze the very principle of verifiability and philosophy of mathematics, and thus answers the two questions of whether or not the propositions extracted from cosmologists’ research are scientific or pseudo-scientific from the perspective of Mulla Sadra, and the possibility of producing a comprehensive model of the creation and perfection of cosmic variables? It was found that for Mulla Sadr, all cosmologists’ theorems were scientific propositions, and based on the principle of verifiability, a comprehensive cosmic model could not be produced, because imperceptible variables were out of their sphere of studies. However, like realists, Mulla Sadra considered mathematics to be infinite and abstract, while originating from the world of imagination capable of describing cosmic perceptible and imperceptible phenomena.
Keywords
Science
Pseudo-science
Sadrai Epistemology
Positivism
Mathematics
Subjects
آیر، آلفرد. (1398). زبان حقیقت منطق. ترجمۀ منوچهر بزرگمهر. تهران: انتشارات شفیعی، چاپ اول.
انیشتن، آ. (1396). فیزیک و واقعیت. ترجمۀ محمدرضا خواجه­پور. تهران: نشر خوارزمی، چاپ اول.
 پوپر، کارل. (1393). حدس­ها و ابطال­ها. ترجمۀ رحمت­الله جباری. تهران: نشر شرکت سهامی انتشار، چاپ اول.
حکاک، سید محمد. (1380). تحقیق در آراء معرفتی هیوم. تهران: انتشارات حکمت، چاپ اول.
. رندال هرمن.(1376). سیر تکامل عقل نوین. ترجمه: ابوالقاسم پاینده. انتشارات علمی فرهنگی تهران. چاپ دوم.
. صدرالمتألهین، محمد قوام شیرازی . (1392). اسفار اربعه. ترجمه و تحقیق: محمد خواجوی. نشر مولی، تهران. چاپ اول، چهار جلدی.
. صدرالمتألهین، محمد قوام شیرازی .(1392). اسرار الآیات. ترجمه: محمد خواجوی. نشر مولی. تهران. چاپ چهارم.
. صدرالمتألهین، محمد قوام شیرازی . (1386). رساله اتحاد عاقل و معقول. ترجمه: علی بابایی. نشر مولی. تهران. چاپ اول.
. صدرالمتألهین، محمد قوام شیرازی ، (1400). التنقیح فی المنطق، ترجمه: سلیمانی، نشر مجمع عالی حکمت اسلامی، قم. چاپ دوم.
. صدرالمتألهین، محمد قوام شیرازی . (1366). تفسیر القرآن الکریم. نشر بیدار. قم. چاپ اول.
. صدرالمتألهین، محمد قوام شیرازی . (بی­تا). الحاشیه علی الهیات الشفاء. انتشارات بیدار. قم.
. فولکیه، پل. (1366)، فلسفه عمومی. ترجمه: یحیی مهدوی. انتشارات دانشگاه تهران. تهران. چاپ اول.
. کولیون مارک. (1400). درآمدی بر فلسفه ریاضیات. ترجمه: کامران شهبازی. نشر نقد فرهنگ. تهران. چاپ سوم.
. کارنپ رودلف. (1378). مقدمه­ای بر فلسفه علم. ترجمه: یوسف عفیفی.  نشر نیلوفر. تهران. چاپ سوم.
.  همپل کارل.  (1375). ماهیت راستی ریاضی. چاپ در اعتماد  1375ش، صص 188-211.
 
. Berth, Arthur, (2003), The Meta physical Foundation of Modern Science, NewYork, Dover Publication.
. Borchert, D. M. (2006), Planck, Max, Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2nd Edition) 10 vols, Gale/ Thomson Learning, vol. 7.
.  Bundy, A. (2005). What is a Proof? , Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, No.363.
. Chaitin, G. J. (1987). Algorithmic Information Theory.(Cambridge U. P: Cambridge) .METHUEN & CO. LTD.
. Doncy, Jonathan, Ed. (1992). A Companion to Epistemology. London: Blackwell.
. Dirac, P.A. (1981). Einstain the Development of Phisics, in the Impact of Modern Scientific Ideas on Society. Dordrechat-Holland.
. Einstein, Albert. (1970). Philosopher-Scientist. edited by P.A. Schipp. open court, Lasalle.
. Friedman, Michael. (1998). Logical Positivism in routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Vol. 5. ed. Edward craig. London and New York.
. Hume David. (1739). A Treatise of Human Nature. Printed for John Noon at the White-Hart, near Mercer’s – Chapel, in Cheapfide. London. Vol 1.
. Hilbert, D. (1983). On the Infinite, in P. Benacerraf and H. Putname (eds). Philosophy of Mathematics: Selected Readings, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press.
. Mahner, M. (2007). Demarceting science frome non science. Handbook of the Philosophy of science: General Philosophy of science-Focal Issues, Dov M. Gabbay.
. Margenau. H. (1992). Cosmos, Bios, Theos. (La Salle, ILLinois: Open Court.
. Olsker, T. C. (2011). What Do We Maen by Mathematical Proof. Journal of Humathematics. Vol.1, No.1.
. Putnam, H. (1979). What is Mathematical Truth, in H.Putnam Mathematics Matter and Method. Philosophical Papers, Vol1, 2nd edition, Combridge University Press.
. Quine, W.V. (1976). Carnap and Logical Truth. reprinted in The Ways of Paradox and Other Essays, revised edition, combridge, MA: Harvard University.
. Roos, M. (2003). Introduction to Cosmology. John Wiley and Sons, UK.
. Riess, A.G. (1998). Observational Evidence from Supernova for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant. The Astronomical Journal 116.
. Wber,K. (2009). Proving is not Convincing, Presented at Twelfth Conference  on Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education, Releigh, NC.
. Wilkinson, D. (1993). God the Bing Bang and Stephan Hawking. Publisher: Monarch Books.
.Wolfram, S. (2002). A New Kind of Science. (Wolfram Me- dia: New York.       
      .Weinberg, S. (1992). Dreams of a Final Theory: The Scientist's Search for the Ultimate Laws of Nature, Pantheon Books.
 
Philosophical Meditations
Volume 14, Issue 33 - Serial Number 33
December 2024
Pages 71-105