بررسی تبعیض نژادی در فلسفه کانت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
حمیدرضا سعادت نیاکی 1
علی فتح طاهری 2
1 دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی
2 دانشیار گروه فلسفه دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی ره
10.30470/phm.2019.36299
چکیده
یکی از چالش های مطرح درباره حقوق انسان در فلسفه عملی کانت، سخنان نژادپرستانه او است. در نگاه اول، این سخنان با روح حاکم بر تفکر او متعارض به نظر می رسد. برخی کانت پژوهان به توجیه آن پرداخته اند و بعضی دیگر، بر وجود این تضاد تأکید کرده اند. به عقیده ما، با وجود سخنان نژادپرستانه کانت، نظریه اخلاقی او مصون از رویکرد نژادپرستانه است و هیأتی جهان شمول دارد که بر حفظ کرامت همه انسان ها به عنوان وظیفه اخلاقی- اجتماعی تأکید می کند. در این مقاله، ابتدا به جایگاه انسان شناسی در اندیشه کانت، به عنوان چارچوبی که دیدگاه‌های نژادی وی در آن طرح شده است، می پردازیم. سپس، نگاهی به نژادشناسی (فلسفه نژاد) و دیدگاه های نژادپرستانه او می افکنیم. بعد از آن، چالشی که میان این دیدگاه ها و روح حاکم بر تفکر او به چشم می آید را بررسی می کنیم و نظرات کانت پژوهان را در این باره تبیین و ارزیابی می نماییم و بخش پایانی را به جمع بندی و نتیجه گیری اختصاص می دهیم.
کلیدواژه‌ها
نژادپرستی
نظریه نژاد
امر مطلق
حقوق بشر

عنوان مقاله English

The Examination of Racial Discrimination in kant's Philosophy

نویسندگان English

Hamidreza Saadat Niaki 1
Ali Fathtaheri 2
1 philosophy, human sciences, IKIU, Qazvin, Iran
2 Philosophy, Human sciences, IKIU
چکیده English

One of the challenges posed about human rights in Kant's practical philosophy is his racist statements. At the first glance, these statements seem contraversial to the spirit of his thinking. Some Kant scholars have justified that and some others have emphasized the existence of such conflict. In our opinion, Despite Kant's racist statements, his moral theory is immune from racist approach and has a universal form that emphasizes the preservation of the dignity of all human beings as a social- moral duty. In this article, w first consider the position of Anthropology in Kant's thought as a framework in which his racial views are outlined. Then regard his theory of race (philosophy of race) and racist statements. After that we examine the challenge between these views and the spirit of his thinking and explain and evaluate the views of Kant scholars as to this issue and allocate the final section to conclusion.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

racism
theory of race
categorical imperative
human rights
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