The Ahsan System as a Fundamental Paradigm in Defining Islamic Architecture

The definition of Islamic architecture in contemporary discourse, between the epistemological duality of historical form and abstract symbol on the one hand, and modern functional and space-oriented paradigms on the other, is in suspense and lacks a unified philosophical framework. This theoretical gap has both disrupted dynamic theorizing and fueled the crisis of meaning in contemporary living spaces. This research, using the method of comparative-critical analysis and relying on the concept of “good system” in Islamic transcendental wisdom, has targeted the reductionism prevailing in current definitions. The findings indicate three fundamental neglects: negation of the monotheistic goal of space, disregard for the dynamics of ijtihad, and ignoring the organic continuity of the four dimensions of existence (physical, spiritual, social, natural). As an alternative, Islamic architecture is redefined as a system of space creation in light of the ontological cycle of creation-life-resurrection. The complementary innovation of this framework is the emphasis on the agent element of the system; This means that the realization of this system in the work requires a creative and wise architecture that, in its existential conduct, has the moral and epistemological competence to be in harmony with the best of the worlds. This integrated paradigm, in addition to providing a criterion for the philosophical criticism of sacred art, makes it possible to move beyond the common dualities and opens a new horizon in the philosophy of Islamic architecture.